Heyman Lectures - Session 4, Part 1

Finish 4th Dimension. Reference Groups.

Session 4 - Part 1

Note: This session has a lot of background noise.

• What is the PASF? Meetings to keep up with each other.
• Review of PASF Journals

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• To about 6:45
• Discuss handbook on PAS interpretation and personal selection.
  Note: Handbook is not a known document. Might be the Atlas.
  The referenced "Personal Selection" document is in the members area of this web site.
• Winne-Gittinger Monograph is - "An Introduction to the Personality Assessment System" by John F. Winne and John W. Gittinger in the "Archives of the Behavioral Sciences - 1973.
• To 10:30

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• Discussion of Stroop cards used for Color Naming task.
• To 12:30

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• Recommend using CN and TE because 4th dimension has proven so useful in interpreting how people operate under stress. Mike says he feels handicapped without 4th dimension.

Reference Groups

Note: The details of reference groups are not as well developed as the PAS Dynamics (three dimensions, compensation, modification) or even the 4th dimension or Responsibility Cluster. If you look carefully, you will find differences in this presentation and the PASF Journal Article on Reference Groups.

The main chart used during this discussion is found by clicking here. Later in the presentation, Dr. Heyman uses a chart similar to the one found in the PASF Journal article.

As Dr. Heyman says near the end, he is not presenting a mechanical, fully developed system of reference groups, but a work in progress by the late Dave Saunders.

• Reference Groups Start 13:30
• Saunders started process about 1980 - ideas running round in his head started to crystalize.
• Reference Groups not truly "new" but addressing it in different ways to make PAS more effective in organizing data and placing people in PAS space.
• Helps practitioner deal with PAS in a dynamic way not just one case at a time.
• PAS personalities are not uniformly distributed across all contact types. 4096 types if include the 4th dimension.
• PAS space has constellations, but much empty space. Dave has worked with how those constellations cluster and what is different about them.
• Clusters don't redefine the PAS but help us understand what PAS space looks like.
• Board has a version of the Rose.
  Subgroups PROACTIVE Tc
  POLYACTIVE Gu
  REACTIVE Tu (stress is a difficulty)
  Mike added:INACTIVE Gc
• Dave finds clusters and finds a centroid and finds distance from center of cases in 12 directions (12 subtests)
  Kind of a 12 dimensional standard deviation
  Case is a member of a cell to which it is closest to the centroid
  More cases will shift centroid
• 29:30
• Know enough to make rough guesses when you look at a case.
• System is so complex that there is no correct way to place cases.
• About 3000-5000 cases.
• Enter system with the variables in the 4th dimension. (Chart is a rose chart?)
• One side high A, low S (left brain) - dominated by intellectual activity more than by sensitive emotional activity. Think first, feel later or think first, don't feel.
• Other side (right brain) low A, high S. Feelings first determine response to inputs/situations. Thinking and analysis come later. Example: Don't know much about art, but I know what I like and that is what I respond to.
• Higher in chart, stronger and more systematic compensations are. Top "high brain" people and bottom are "no brain" people.
• Bottom characteristically low in Responsibility Cluster. Top are people are high in Responsibility Cluster.
• Middle are more balanced. "Soft compensations".
• Perimeters are easy to define, understand and predict. Ones middle and lower are most difficult to predict.
• Interpretation using A/U dimension gets tricky. Can show manipulative.
• Using corners, can use 12 constellation names. Contact level play a role in making characterizations - not on the chart. For many applications, what is on the chart is "good enough for government work" and this is often useful.
• Anyone is upper parts is PROACTIVE so know that part about them. So the upper left SUPPORTIVE is also PROACTIVE- anticipates problems and plays "what if."
• R reacts to uncertain situations by seizing control.
• Discussion on examples relating to stress..
• Example Iuc in social stress. Ordinary Iuc is comfortably relating, but not involved person. Can do own thing e.g. at party, and socialize and listen to music. I+uc+ - in a clinical way, person brittlely dependent on social attachment. I+u wants left alone but feels abandoned with left alone - will lean on nurturing figure.
• F+u fears chaos. I+u fears abandonment. Euc+ wants to intellectualize but always fears being found foolish.
• Because of approach of assigning cases on basis of how how they fit in reality, may find find more primitive F or R etc. in some cells than others.
• Initially needed only 2 cases sufficiently far apart from others to form a cell - then add cases.
• Remember that this chart is a simplistic view of placing profiles into space (cells). Saunders uses all 12 scores plus Q1 and Q2 to make statistical placement.
• Saunders once argued there there are as many as 25 variables in the WAIS.
• There are 14 with basic 10 plus CN, TE, Q1 and Q2.
• Change chart with 8 subprofiles in in each cell, one for each PAS primitive combination ERA,ERU etc.
• All in upper left will have nurturing, supportive aspect. All in middle left are playing out out kinds of adjustments. Lower left are all passive followers - wait for direction. etc.
• Note: Talks about "12 points". This is an expanded version of chart to 12, but not 13.