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Reading Skill and the PAS
Earl Rodd
November, 2017

Overview

This information is based upon data found in the papers of the late Dr. David Saunders. There were printed sets of cases labeled "Good Readers Weighted Scores Based on Reference Group" and "Poor Readers Weighted Scores Based on Reference Group". The data had the WAIS weighted scores for each case with no other information.

The data was digitized and analyzed.

Findings

Data Analysis

The definition of "high/low" below is in PAS terms. Thus on Digit Span ("D"), "high" is Internalizer and "low" is Externalizer. For Arithmetic ("A"), "high" is Ic or Ec and "low" is Eu or Iu etc. 

Number of cases high/low for each test
         D     A     I    BD     S     C    PA    PC    OA   DSY
poor 22/11 20/13 11/22  29/4 10/23 14/19  31/2  30/3  28/5  25/8
good  27/8  26/9  30/5  27/8 16/19  28/7  32/3 23/12 21/14 24/11

Average weighted score on each subtest. 

   
         D     A     I    BD     S     C    PA    PC    OA   DSY
poor   7.9   7.5   6.8   9.7   7.2   7.7  10.6   9.5   9.3   8.0
good   9.8   9.8   9.7  10.4   9.5  10.2  11.1  10.3   9.5   9.2
diff   1.9   2.3   2.9   0.7   2.3   2.5   0.5   0.8   0.2   1.2

Average Verbal and Performance Totals on the WAIS. "V" is vocabulary WAIS weighted score. 'Tot-v' is total Verbal score and "Tot-p" is total performance score. NL is PAS Normal Level. 

   
         V  Tot-v  Tot-p   Diff   NL
poor   6.2   43.4   47.1   -3.8  9.5
good   9.4   58.4   50.5    7.9 10.9
diff   3.2   15.0    3.4   11.7  1.4

Raw numbers of PAS primitive and basic level formulas. 

       E  I Eu Ec Iu Ic  R  F Rc Ru Fu Fc  A  U Au Ac Uu Uc
Good   8 27  1  7  8 19 27  8 22  5  4  4 32  3  9 23  0  3
Poor  11 22  3  8 10 12 29  4 17 12  1  3 31  2 12 19  1  1

Conclusions

  1. Good readers, compared to poor readers, have high Information and Comprehension.
  2. The overall sample is dominated by PAS IRA profiles.
  3. The difference in NL between good and poor readers is modest (1.4).
  4. Vocabulary.
  5. Total verbal - total performance is very high (poor readers have higher performance total than verbal)

Raw Data

The raw data (WAIS scores in PAS order) can be seen in the following links:

Scores for Poor Readers

Scores for Good Readers